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From what I can see you have created a self signed certificate using the Virtuoso conductor, downloaded/exported the id_rsa.p12 file from which you have generated key and key/cert files (cert.pem & pk.pem) using openssl ?
You are then setting them in the [Parameters] section of the virtuoso.ini file, which is for secure SQL access, and NOT in the [HTTServer] section which is required for HTTPS config as detailed in the How To Set Up HTTPS for Sites Deployed using Virtuoso post.
Then you also show the setting of:
SSLCertificate = db:certificate
SSLPrivateKey = db:private-key
I presume in the [Parameters] section again, but is certificate and private-key the name of appropriate certs you have imported into the Virtuoso database as it would appear not based on the error being reported ie
ERROR: SSL: The certificate and private key stored in the database must have the same name
ERROR: SSL: Failed listen at 443
and as indicated by the error message, both should be set to the same value ie as the name of the self signed cert you generated initially which would be id_rsa , which can be seen from SSL Key drop down list box in the Conductor Configure HTTPS Listener page. And as said previously they should be set in the [HTTServer] section the INI file to setup HTTPS access.